Which term describes Civil Law, which involves two subsets, tort law and contract law, and where the harmed individual initiates legal action?

• A. Contributory Negligence
• B. Case Law (common)
• C. Civil Law
• D. Common Law (Case)

Answer: (C)

In civil law, disputes arise between private individuals or entities rather than the government pursuing criminal charges. Two main areas fall under this umbrella: tort law, which covers wrongs that cause harm or injury (like negligence), and contract law, which deals with breaches of agreements. Crucially, when someone is harmed, they initiate the legal action to seek remedies such as damages or specific performance.

So, the term that best fits is Civil Law because it describes this whole field and its two subsets, along with the fact that the harmed party brings the suit. Contributory negligence is a defense used within tort cases, not the field itself. Case Law (common) and Common Law refer to law developed by courts through decisions, not the civil law framework as a whole.